The contradiction that has opposed the analysis of the colonial situation and conditions of racism in the works of Octave Mannoni and Frantz Fanon is revisited in a crossed and critical reading of their work, with the pivot point of the historical landmarks of the fundamentals of development for psychoanalysis (Freud and Lacan) to which both had access. The emphasis is placed on the encounter with the other (language, fantasy, myth, and structure), which these two authors attempt to articulate through their interpretation of the mechanism of colonization.