Moderate neonatal hyperbilirubinemia may induce neurological impairment as in the BIND syndrome (Bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction). Some American studies now question the current standard of bilirubin level, suggesting that a more subtle clinical evaluation of the infants concerned should be made, as neurologic dysfunctions may be induced at a lesser degree than previously published. The PREAUT grid helps detect those infants who are not actively engaged in a pleasant interaction with their parents. Essential as it is, this pleasant interaction is not easily restored, as we can see in this mother-baby psychotherapy. But the challenge is of major importance: fostering a harmonious development and preventing the infant at risk to slide into autism.