This article offers a reflection around the condition of Black people by questioning the application of the Duboisian concept of “double consciousness” in the contemporary French context. It is part of a qualitative and inductive study based on non-directive interviews with French Afro-descendants. By keeping a complementarist approach, the psychoanalytical analysis we suggest, lies at the crossroads of socio-historical and philosophical perspectives on the Black condition in the French context. This analysis highlights the preponderance of the color line in the structure of our modern societies. From there, it takes into account the implication of this line in the subjectivation processes of Afro-descendants, from identification to whiteness, to social revolt and war against oneself.